Step 1: Check for Safety and Response
- Survey the Scene: Before you approach, make sure the area is safe for you and the victim. Look for dangers like traffic, fire, or live electrical wires.
- Check for Responsiveness: Tap the person's shoulder firmly and shout, "Are you okay?" Check for breathing for 5-10 seconds. If they do not respond and are not breathing (or only gasping), they need CPR.
Step 2: Call for Help
- Call 911 Immediately: If with another person, tell them to call 911 (or your local emergency number) and get an Automated External Defibrillator (AED).
- If You Are Alone: Call 911 yourself. Put your phone on speaker so you can talk to the dispatcher while starting CPR.
Step 3: Begin Chest Compressions
The core of CPR is providing high-quality chest compressions. Perform 30 compressions, then give breaths.
- Position Hands: Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, other hand on top.
- Push Hard & Fast: Press down at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep at a rate of 100-120 beats per minute (like the song "Stayin' Alive").
- Allow Full Recoil: Let the chest return to its normal position after each push.
Step 4: Give Rescue Breaths (If Trained)
Note: Hands-Only CPR (compressions without breaths) is still highly effective.
- Open the Airway: Tilt the head back slightly and lift the chin.
- Give Two Breaths: Pinch the nose shut, seal your mouth over theirs, and give two 1-second breaths, watching for the chest to rise.
Step 5: Continue the Cycle
30 Compressions, 2 Breaths
Continue the cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths. Do not stop until:
- The person shows obvious signs of life.
- An AED is ready to use.
- Emergency medical services (EMS) take over.
- You are too exhausted to continue.
