AFM Force Curves to Binding Affinity Rupture Force (pN): Loading Rate (pN/s): Receptor-Ligand Type: Antibody-Antigen (xβ = 0.5 nm, koff = 1.3e-9) Biotin-Streptavidin (xβ = 0.3 nm, koff = 1e-6) Custom Interaction (xβ = 0.6 nm, koff = 5e-4) Estimate Affinity Download PDF